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Ekottara Agama
The Ekottara Āgama (Sanskrit; ) is an early Indian Buddhist text, of which currently only a Chinese translation is extant (Taishō Tripiṭaka 125). The title ''Ekottara Āgama'' literally means "Numbered Discourses," referring to its organizational principle.〔Sujato Bhikku. ("About the EA" ). ekottara.googlepages.com. Retrieved on 2010-09-23.〕 It is one of the four Āgamas of the Sanskritic Sūtra Piṭaka located in the Chinese Buddhist Canon.
== Origins and history ==
A complete version of the Ekottara Āgama was translated by Dharmanandi in 384 CE, and edited by Gautama Saṃghadeva in 398 CE. Some believed that it came from the Sarvāstivāda school, but more recently the Mahāsāṃghika branch has been proposed as well.〔Sujato Bhikku. ("About the EA" ). ekottara.googlepages.com. Retrieved on 2009-03-01.〕 According to A.K. Warder, the Ekottara Āgama references 250 Prātimokṣa rules for monks, which agrees only with the Dharmaguptaka Vinaya, which is also located in the Chinese Buddhist canon. He also views some of the doctrine as contradicting tenets of the Mahāsāṃghika school, and states that they agree with Dharmaguptaka views currently known. He therefore concludes that the extant Ekottara Āgama is that of the Dharmaguptaka school.〔Warder, A.K. ''Indian Buddhism.'' 2000. p. 6〕
According to Étienne Lamotte, the Ekottara Āgama was translated from a manuscript that came from northwest India, and contains a great deal of Mahāyāna influence.〔Hwang, Soon-il. ''Metaphor and Literalism in Buddhism: The Doctrinal History of Nirvana.'' 2006. p. 31〕 This may agree with the 5th century Dharmaguptaka monk Buddhayaśas, the translator of the Dharmaguptaka Vinaya and Dīrgha Āgama, who wrote that the Dharmaguptakas had assimilated the Mahāyāna Tripiṭaka (Ch. 大乘三藏).〔Walser, Joseph. ''Nāgārjuna in Context: Mahāyāna Buddhism and Early Indian Culture.'' 2005. pp. 52-53〕 According to Venerable Sheng Yen, the Ekottara Āgama includes teachings of the Six Pāramitās, a central concept in the bodhisattva path, and in the Mahāyāna teachings.〔Sheng Yen. ''Orthodox Chinese Buddhism.'' 2007. p. 98〕
The Ekottara Āgama generally corresponds to the Theravādin Aṅguttara Nikāya, but of the four Āgamas of the Sanskritic Sūtra Piṭaka in the Chinese Buddhist Canon, it is the one which differs most from the Theravādin version. The Ekottara Āgama even contains variants on such standard teachings as the Noble Eightfold Path.〔Sujato Bhikku. ("About the EA" ). ekottara.googlepages.com. Retrieved on 2010-09-18.〕 According to Keown, "there is considerable disparity between the Pāli and the () versions, with more than two-thirds of the sūtras found in one but not the other compilation, which suggests that much of this portion of the Sūtra Piṭaka was not formed until a fairly late date."〔Keown, Damien. ''A Dictionary of Buddhism''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.〕
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